在搭建Calibre-web的时候遇到了一点问题，pip老是出错，看了一下腾讯云CentOS7自带的Python是2.7，打算给它升个Python3，不小心把Python2.7和yum pip给一起删了，草
因为一些东西是依赖Python2的，装Python3的时候不能删

删除原环境

  • 删除pip
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python -m pip uninstall pip
  • 删除Python
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rpm -qa|grep python|xargs rpm -ev --allmatches --nodeps # 删除Python，解除关联
whereis python |xargs rm -frv # 删除残余文件
whereis python # 检查是否完全删除
  • 删除yum
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rpm -qa|grep yum|xargs rpm -ev --allmatches --nodeps
whereis yum |xargs rm -frv
whereis yum

配置新环境

从网上找教程要么是依赖yum安装Python，要么是依赖Python安装yum。。。

首先查看CentOS的版本号，后文选择对应的版本

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cat /etc/redhat-release

我的系统版本是7.9.2009

  • 下载Python2.7
    从网易镜像站下载，此处以我的系统版本为例
    如果提示404应该是更新了，可以自己上去找新版本复制链接
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mkdir /usr/local/src/python
cd /usr/local/src/python
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/python-2.7.5-89.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/python-devel-2.7.5-89.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/python-libs-2.7.5-89.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/python-pycurl-7.19.0-19.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/rpm-python-4.11.3-45.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch.rpm
  • 下载yum
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mkdir /usr/local/src/yum
cd /usr/local/src/yum
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm
  • 安装Python2.7
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cd /usr/local/src/python
rpm -ivh python-* rpm-python-* libxml2-* --nodeps --force # 强制安装，不考虑依赖
  • 安装yum
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cd /usr/local/src/yum
rpm -ivh yum-*
  • 安装pip
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yum -y install python-pip

到此Python2.7和yum的重装完成。

安装Python3

  • 安装依赖包
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yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make
  • 下载Python3
    我这里下载3.10.1，如果想下载新版本可以去官网找
    如果速度慢可以手动下载上传
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cd /usr/local
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.1/Python-3.10.1.tgz
tar -zxvf Python-3.10.1.tgz
  • 编译并安装
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mkdir /usr/local/python3
cd Python-3.10.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make && make install
  • 设置软链接（快捷方式）
    注意这里是3.10不是3.10.1
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ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.10 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.10 /usr/bin/pip3

到此完成所有工作。可以再检查一下各个版本是否正确

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python -V
python3 -V
pip -V
pip3 -V
yum --version

后记

安装之后又遇到pip3的警告：WARNING: pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.

上网查是缺openssl，然而输入openssl version显示有1.0.2版本,于是打算升级一下

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wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1m.tar.gz
tar -zxvf openssl-1.1.1m.tar.gz
cd openssl-1.1.1m
./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl # 如报错需要安装perl及gcc包
make && make install
mv /usr/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl.bak
ln -sf /usr/local/openssl/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl
echo "/usr/local/openssl/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig -v

查看版本更新到了1.1.1，然而并没有解决问题

再和openssl一起重新编译Py3

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cd /usr/local/Python-3.10.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl
make && make install

完事。顺便更新一下pip

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/usr/local/python3/bin/python3.10 -m pip install --upgrade pip